Tripping a 1 mv single stage impulse generator t e broadbent and r cooperrecent citations the generation of lightning and switching impulse voltages in the uhv region with an improved marx circuit arnold rodewald and kurt feser this content was downloaded from ip address 207. Each stage consists of a nozzle and blade row where the kinetic energy of the jet is absorbed into the turbine rotor as useful work. Accordingly, the tripping circuit of,fig, 2 was devised. Find the values of wave front and wave tail resistances. Analysis using simulink could become very useful in the proper selection of such. Single stage, axial impulse turbine for expanding high pressure liquid air. The major disadvantage of a single stage impulse generator circuit is the physical size. Another impulse turbine is the pressure compound or ratteau turbine. Existence of stay capacitances which are critical for the operation of the multi stage circuit are shown.
Simulation and experimental investigation of single stage impulse. Multi stage impulse generator circuit from the textbook. Po box 341149, austin, texas 78734 abstract this paper presents a broad overview of marx generators, ranging from the traditional marx generator to the wave erection generator. The impulse generator is designed based on marx generator. Kessels single stage steam turbines are economical and reliable mechanical drives for pumps, fans, knives, compressors and generators. The basic circuit of a single stage impulse generator is shown in figure 2c, where the capacitor c1 is charged from a dc source until the spark gap g breaks down. Control system design to automate 100kv impulse generator. More detailed discussions of these basic design factors of steam turbines are available in the literature 3, 4. R p impulse voltage generator the simplest equivalent single stage circuit r s c s l design like all haefely test impulse generators the sgv generator is based on the marx multiplier circuit.
From now onwards i will implement all my research and modifications on this impulse generator. Operation of single stage impulse voltage generator free download as powerpoint presentation. Capacitor c1 now discharges into the circuit consisting of c2, r1 and r2. For really low volume ratios, namely values below about 2, 7, velocity triangles are subsonic, the load is limited and 50% reaction stages with high efficiency can. Pdf simulation of impulse voltage generator and impulse testing. To date, orbital launches from earth have been performed by either fully or. Circuit for the one stage impulse generator the circuit to generate double exponential voltage waveform of the type given in equation 1 by different combinations of rlc or rc circuits. What is steam turbine description and characteristics. The design and development of a small scale system for harvesting the lightning stroke using the impulse voltage generator at hv lab, utem. Trigger the generator and note if it is causes a flashover across the main sphere gap. May 2011 for higher voltage requirements a single unit construction becomes difficult and costly due to insulation problems.
Request pdf construction and evaluation of single stage marx generator often the power system equipments are subjected to lightning and switching impulse voltages. In the simplest form of the single stage impulse generator, shown in figure 8. Pdf simulation of single and multistage impulse voltage. High voltage hv impulse generators are employed widely for testing of hv appa ratus, as such tests are codified in a range of standards.
The impulse voltage generators basically are of two types i. Basic circuit of a single stage impulse generator is shown in fig. A marx generator is a simple high impulse voltage generator which has various technical uses. Circuit contains front resistor rf and tail resistor rt. The controlled tripping of highvoltage impulse generators. An impulse generator simulation circuit by steven e.
The operating principles of generators and power electronics are presented as are the scaling laws. The magnitude of the out put voltages of the twostage generator circuit is greater than the singlestage. The circuit parameters for standard lightning and standard switching impulse voltage shown in tablei and tableii, are validated through the single stage impulse generator circuit as given in 21. Turbine turbine history of steam turbine technology. These nozzles accelerate the steam to a high velocity. Each resistor covers a part of the load range for a front time according standard. There are two types of impulse voltage generator circuits. In contrast to water turbines where the total head is extracted in a single runner see above, the steam velocities obtained from the enthalpy drop between steam. Single stage impulse generator circuit standard marx circuit. In this turbine, the work is broken down into various stages. Modelling and performance evaluation of an hv impulse test. It makes use of a separate single stage impulse generator.
The simple rc circuit to obtain the single exponential voltage waveform can be. This divides the velocity drop across the stage into several smaller drops. A total of 10 stages of both simulated, experimental marx impulse generator circuit was designed. Simulation and experimental investigation of single stage impulse voltage generator 1misba anjum, sushma, pragathi, subhashini m h, 2javid akhtar 1 viii sem b. Operation of single stage impulse voltage generator. This project aims to develop an impulse generator circuit using orcad pspice. In the impulse turbine the entire pressure drop of the stage is concentrated across the fixed blades which act as nozzles. Based on the mathematical analyses of circuit shown in fig. The circuit parameters can be adjusted to give an impulse voltage of the desired shape. Low energy single stage high voltage impulse generator. Generation of high voltages in the lab acdc, switching. Basic circuit of single stage impulse generator v0 cs cb g re rd vt fig. According to 6, there is a standard ratio of c1c 2 for that particular marx generator circuit, as depicted in table 1. The air that leaves the moving blades enters the next set of nozzles where the enthalpy decreases further, and the velocity is.
Hp turbine is usually doubleflow impulse turbine or reaction type with about 10 stages with shrouded blades and produces about 3040% of the gross. In distinguishing between impulse and reaction blading it is necessary to consider what happens to the steam in passing through one stage of fixed and moving blades. Most of nuclear power plants operates a single shaft turbine generator that consists of one multi stage hp turbine and three parallel multi stage lp turbines, a main generator and an exciter. Close the circuit breaker and slowly rise the voltage 5.
Impulse generator is an indispensible high voltage set. R 1 is still a single lumped element, but this resistance can be distributed throughout the stages. In this type, the total pressure drop expansion of the steam take place only in the first nozzle ring. Determination of impulse generator setup for transient. Design and development of a small scale system for.
It then emerged through two opposing curved tubes, just as water issues from a rotating lawn sprinkler. A single stage toorbit or ssto vehicle reaches orbit from the surface of a body using only propellants and fluids and without expending tanks, engines, or other major hardware. Its modern manifestation was invented by charles parsons in 1884 the steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement in thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple stages in the expansion of the steam, which results. Singlestage generators circuits where capacitor is. A velocitycompounded impulse stage consist of a row of fixed nozzles followed by two or more rows of moving blades and fixed blades without expansion. According to the blade and wheels arrangement, it may be divided following categories. Low energy single stage high voltage impulse generator ieee xplore. Today, kessels steam turbines are driving various pumps, fans and compressors across oil refineries in the middle east, india and south east asia that meet the stringent design engineering practices laid out by. Only a small fraction of the overall pressure drop available in a turbine can be extracted in a single stage consisting of a set of stationary nozzles or vanes and moving blades or buckets. The control system installed as part of the impulse generator is a hipotronics model 970igds, and is a programmable digital design.
Designed for liquid at inlet 840 psia and outlet 100 psia turbine is a closecoupled design, attached to an induction generator. Basically in this paper the author discuss only about the multi stage impulse voltage generator. Single stage turbine an overview sciencedirect topics. The basic circuit of marx generator is shown in figure 5. Practical simulation and modelling of lightning impulse. Two basic types of single stage impulse generator circuits. Simulation of impulse voltage generator and impulse. It simulates the voltage due to lightning and switching surges and used for testing of insulation of various electrical equipments like transformer, insulators etc. Kessels has the distinction of being a premier supplier of steam turbines complying to and exceeding api611 standards for generalpurpose steam turbines. Steam turbine working principle and types of steam turbine. Therefore, for a single stage impulse voltage generator circuit, it.
The above calculated resistor values will be employed to start as. If the load capacitor is pf, find the front and tail times of the impulse wave produced. Simulation and experimental investigation of single stage. The impulse generator used in the testing was a hipotronics series 100. The air gap acts as a switch from open to close at that instant, and the impulse capacitors. A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. The calculation is made for an impulse generator type 120060 for lightning impulse.
Analysis a and b single stage impulse generator circuits c. What are drawbacks of single stage circuit for the generation of very high impulse voltage. The capacitor cs is slowly charged from a dc source until the spark gap. The term usually, but not exclusively, refers to reusable vehicles. It is a three stage generator resulting in a peak capability of 300kv. The voltage is then impressed upon the object under test of capacitance c2. Construction and evaluation of single stage marx generator. This paper describes the design and development of a small scale system for harvesting the lightning stroke using the single impulse voltage generator. Turbine history of steam turbine technology britannica. E, department of electrical and electronics, ghousia college of engineering 2 associate professor, department of electrical and electronics, ghousia college of engineering ramanagaram.
New highvoltage multistage impulse generator circuit iopscience. Also, high impulse voltage generation requires a high dc voltage. Figure 8 single stage impulse generator as the dc voltage is raised slowly the stress across the spark gap g increases until the air in the gap breaks down. Parametric analyses on impulse voltage generator and power. No earthlaunched ssto launch vehicles have ever been constructed. Set the gap distance and voltage control on the controller at this level. In this device, steam was supplied through a hollow rotating shaft to a hollow rotating sphere. As supply is given from the input side the forward voltage of 25 volt responses are taken in output resistors of shown in fig.
Analysis of single stage impulse generatorexpression for output impulse voltage. Impulse generator and lightning characteristics simulation. Simulation of impulse voltage generator and impulse testing of. Optimized results for single stage turbines, with different v r and a fixed sp equal to 0. Single stage impulse voltage generator the impulse voltage generator shown in fig. Depending on the high voltage rating, the components get bigger in size. Basic circuit of single stage impulse generator the exact wave shape, however, will be affected by the line inductance that comes from the physical dimensions of the circuit.